Theo b\u00e1c s\u0129, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c t\u0103ng sau ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ec5. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f4ng. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

R\u01b0\u1ee3u bia c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 cao nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch trong khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i th\u1eed nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm “c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi l\u1ea1” nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n sau nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 “t\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam” tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1eb9n h\u00f2, t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m massage k\u00edch d\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HPV, HSV, HIV, HBV, HCV ho\u1eb7c giang mai th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt khi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n cho b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb giang mai d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n mu\u1ed9n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb hai n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y khai r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n do h\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 \u0111i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111i hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee5 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong hai n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Theo b\u00e1c s\u0129 L\u1ee3i Em, v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0i n\u0103m nay, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb “l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean” n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khi quan h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c “truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng” th\u00ec s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 “truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng”, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 qua h\u1eadu m\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng d\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. Quan h\u1ec7 qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng “kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng” l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi nguy c\u01a1 cao l\u00e0m l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh, song nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 do \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u00e2n \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, do s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i nguy h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba HIV \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng HIV kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy h\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n e d\u00e8 trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u0129 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 quan, c\u1ea7n \u0111i kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm, tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chung th\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t v\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng. Kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c b\u1eeba b\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00e1i m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, mi\u1ec7ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1eadu m\u00f4n nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. L\u01b0u \u00fd, bao cao su nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ec7nh s\u00f9i m\u00e0o g\u00e0 do virus HPV g\u00e2y ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m sang nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao cao su che ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro cao g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng da v\u00e0 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c, v\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf da ho\u1eb7c ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u00f9ng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n – tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 co th\u1eaft khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch, n\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 cao l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eam ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c vaccine ng\u1eeba HPV v\u00e0 vi\u00eam gan B. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c PrEP \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 6 th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n